|
|
Natural Interest Rate: Is 2% CPI Inflation Still the Right Target?
Scheerová, Lucie ; Holub, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hlaváček, Michal (referee)
This paper uses the semi-structural Laubach and Williams model to estimate the time- varying natural rate of interest by Kalman filter and Maximum Likelihood method, applying it for the first time to Czech data. The results show a significant decrease of the natural interest rate during the past decade, which constitutes further evidence for the wide-spread notion that structural factors in many countries have shifted after the global financial crisis. The paper's contribution is mainly represented by preparing ground for further research. It concludes that the basic version of the Laubach and Williams model is not optimal for the Czech environment and suggests appropriate adjustments to it. It discusses and analyzes sources of potential problems with the estimation, notably the issues of singularity and model specification. Eventually the paper concludes that due to the low significance of results and the uncertainty of gains and losses related to a policy switch, the best reaction of the central bank would be to keep the current regime and inflation target. JEL Classification C32, E43, E52, O40 Keywords natural real interest rate, inflation target, inflation measurement, monetary policy, Kalman filter, trend growth Author's e-mail lucie.scheer@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail tomas.holub@fsv.cuni.cz v
|
|
|
Why central banks target a positive rather than zero inflation?
Horák, Petr ; Potužák, Pavel (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the reasons why central banks set inflation targets positive and not zero. The central bank has three main reasons for positive target. One results from inaccurate measurement of inflation by CPI, which overstates inflation. Economists don't concur about size of this upper bias, but that is surely significant. Another reason for the positive inflation target may be asymmetric nominal wage rigidity. Again, there is not consensus about existence of wage rigidities, but in this case, possible impact of nominal wage rigidities on the optimum inflation is very limited. The last main reason is the fear of achieving the zero lower bound of nominal interest rates, and thus the inability to stimulate economy by lowering interest rates. Central banks have also less conventional tools of monetary policy, and therefore the fear of achieving the zero lower bound may be exaggerated. The result of economic models is optimum inflation in a range from negative to marginally positive, thus considerably less than usual inflation target.
|
|
|
Dopady inflace na domácnosti s rozdílnými příjmy
Hos, Martin
This thesis deals with impact of inflation on households with different income, mainly it focuses on inflation and shortcomings of calculating inflation using CPI. Next it aims to construct more precise indicator of rate of inflation for individual groups of households sorted by income and structure of expenditure.
|
guest ::
